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February 28, 2010
Orthopedics topics for USMLE Step 1
Orthopedics topics for USMLE Step 1
Musculoskeletal System
Normal processes
- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes
- organ structure and function
- cell/tissue structure and function
- biology of bones, joints, tendons, skeletal muscle
- exercise and physical conditioning
- repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life
Abnormal processes
- infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders
- infectious disorders (eg, septic arthritis, Lyme disease, osteomyelitis)
- inflammatory disorders (eg, fibrositis, synovitis, tenosynovitis)
- immunologic disorders (eg, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica)
- traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, fractures, sprains, strains, dislocations, repetitive motion injuries)
- neoplastic disorders (eg, osteosarcoma, metastatic disease)
- metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders (eg, dwarfism, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, osteodystrophy, gout, muscular dystrophy)
- vascular disorders (eg, polyarteritis nodosa, bone infarcts)
- systemic disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system (eg, diabetes mellitus)
- idiopathic disorders (eg, Dupuytren contracture, scoliosis, Paget disease)
- degenerative disorders (eg, disc disease, osteoarthritis)
Principles of therapeutics
- mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics
- muscle relaxants
- antigout therapy (eg, allopurinol, colchicine, uricosuric drugs)
- immunosuppressive drugs (eg, glucocorticoids, gold, cytotoxic agents)
- drugs affecting bone mineralization (eg, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen analogs)
- other therapeutic modalities (eg, radiation, surgery, casts, rehabilitation)
Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention, including psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental
- emotional and behavioral factors (eg, diet, exercise, seat belts, bicycle helmets)
- influence on person, family, and society (eg, osteoporosis, fractures in elderly, alcohol abuse, and fractures)
- occupational and other environmental risk factors (eg, athletes, musicians)
- gender and ethnic factors (eg, bone mass)
source: usmle.org
Dermatology topics for USMLE Step 1
Dermatology topics for USMLE Step 1
Skin and Related Connective Tissue
Normal processes
- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes
- organ structure and function
- cell/tissue structure and function, including barrier functions, thermal regulation, eccrine function
- repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life or ethnicity (eg, senile purpura, male pattern baldness, postmenopausal hair changes)
- skin defense mechanisms and normal flora
Abnormal processes
- infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders
- bacterial infections (eg, acne, cellulitis, carbuncle, abscess, necrotizing fasciitis, gangrene)
- viral infections (eg, herpes infections, chickenpox, rubella, measles, roseola, verrucae)
- fungal infections, including mycoses, dermatophytosis (eg, tinea)
- parasitic infections (eg, scabies, lice)
- immune and autoimmune disorders (eg, discoid lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, alopecia, psoriasis, urticaria, allergic dermatosis)
- traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, thermal injury, decubitus ulcers, effects of ultraviolet light and radiation)
- neoplastic disorders
- keratinocytes (eg, seborrheic keratosis, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and ichthyosis)
- melanocytes (eg, nevi, melanoma)
- vascular neoplasms (eg, hemangiomas, Kaposi sarcoma)
- other (eg, T-cell lymphoma, skin appendage tumors)
- metabolic, regulatory, and structural disorders (eg, vitamin deficiencies, hypervitaminosis, hyperhidrosis)
- vascular disorders (eg, vasculitis, Raynaud disease)
- systemic disorders affecting the skin (eg, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome)
Principles of therapeutics
- mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the skin and connective tissue, including anti-inflammatory agents (eg, corticosteroids, antihistamines), emollients, sunscreen, retinoids, antimicrobial agents, cytotoxic and immunologic therapy (eg, methotrexate, PUVA, keratinolytics)
- other therapeutic modalities (eg, laser, tattoo removal, cryotherapy)
Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention, including psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental
- emotional and behavioral factors (eg, sun exposure, acne)
- influence on person, family, and society (eg, psoriasis)
- occupational and other environmental risk factors
- gender and ethnic factors (eg, keloid)
usmle.org
Neurology topics for USMLE Step 1
Neurology topics for USMLE Step 1
Normal processes
- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes, including neural tube derivatives, cerebral ventricles, neural crest derivatives
- organ structure and function
- spinal cord, including gross anatomy, blood supply, and spinal reflexes
- brain stem, including cranial nerves and nuclei, reticular formation, anatomy, and blood supply
- brain, including gross anatomy and blood supply; cognition, language, memory; hypothalamic function; limbic system and emotional behavior; circadian rhythms and sleep; control of eye movement
- sensory systems, including proprioception, pain, vision, hearing, balance, taste, and olfaction
- motor systems, including brain and spinal cord, basal ganglia and cerebellum
- autonomic nervous system
- peripheral nerve
- cell/tissue structure and function
- axonal transport
- excitable properties of neurons, axons and dendrites, including channels
- synthesis, storage, release, reuptake, and degradation of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators
- pre- and postsynaptic receptor interactions, trophic and growth factors
- brain metabolism
- glia, myelin
- brain homeostasis: blood-brain barrier; cerebrospinal fluid formation and flow; choroid plexus
- repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life
Abnormal processes
- infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders (eg, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and disorders of the eye and ear)
- traumatic and mechanical disorders (eg, subdural and epidural hematomas, cord compression, peripheral nerve injury)
- neoplastic disorders, including primary and metastatic
- acquired metabolic and regulatory disorders (eg, delirium)
- vascular disorders (eg, cerebrovascular occlusion, venous sinus thrombosis, arterial aneurysms, hemorrhage)
- systemic disorders affecting the nervous system (eg, lupus, diabetic neuropathy)
- idiopathic disorders affecting the nervous system
- congenital disorders, including metabolic (eg, neural tube defects, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, Down syndrome)
- degenerative disorders (eg, peripheral neuropathy, Alzheimer dementia, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
- paroxysmal disorders (eg, epilepsy, headache, pain syndromes, and sleep disorders including narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement, circadian rhythm disorders, parasomnias)
- disorders of special senses (eg, blindness, deafness)
- psychopathologic disorders, processes and their evaluation
- early-onset disorders (eg, learning disorders)
- disorders related to substance use
- schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
- mood disorders
- anxiety disorders
- somatoform disorders
- personality disorders
- physical and sexual abuse of children, adults, and elders
- other disorders (eg, dissociative, impulse control)
Principles of therapeutics
- mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the nervous system
- anesthetics
- hypnotics
- psychopharmacologic agents (eg, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotic agents, mood-stabilizing agents)
- anticonvulsants
- analgesics
- stimulants, amphetamines
- antiparkinsonian drugs
- skeletal muscle relaxants, botulinum toxin
- neuromuscular junction blocking agents (including postsynaptic)
- antiglaucoma drugs
- drugs used to decrease intracranial pressure (eg, mannitol, high-dose glucocorticoids)
- antimigraine agents
- drugs affecting autonomic nervous system (eg, anticholinesterases)
- other therapeutic modalities (eg, radiation, CSF shunting, surgery)
Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention, including psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental
- emotional and behavioral factors (eg, drug abuse, dementia, sleep deprivation, accident prevention, pets)
- influence on person, family, and society (eg, developmental disabilities, dementia, generation reversal, nutrition, seizures, sleep disorders)
- occupational and other environmental risk factors (eg, boxing, carbon monoxide exposure)
- gender and ethnic factors
source: usmle.org
Hematology topics for USMLE Step 1
Hematology topics for USMLE Step 1
Hematopoietic and Lymphoreticular Systems
Normal processes
- embryonic development, fetal maturation, and perinatal changes
- organ structure and function
- cell/tissue structure and function
- production and function of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, O2 and CO2 transport, transport proteins
- production and function of leukocytes and the lymphoreticular system
- production and function of platelets
- production and function of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors
- repair, regeneration, and changes associated with stage of life
Abnormal processes
- infectious, inflammatory, and immunologic disorders
- infections of the blood, reticuloendothelial system, and lymphatics
- allergic and anaphylactic reactions and other immunopathologic mechanisms
- acquired disorders of immune deficiency
- autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases (eg, Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, cryoglobulinemias, ITP)
- anemia of chronic disease
- transfusion complications, transplant rejection
- traumatic and mechanical injury (eg, mechanical injury to erythrocytes, splenic rupture)
- neoplastic disorders (eg, lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma)
- metabolic and regulatory disorders, including acquired and congenital
- anemias and cytopenias (eg, iron deficiency anemia, hemoglobinopathies, hereditary spherocytosis)
- cythemia
- hemorrhagic and hemostatic disorders (eg, coagulopathies, DIC)
- bleeding secondary to platelet disorders (eg, von Willebrand)
- vascular and endothelial disorders (eg, effects and complications of splenectomy, hypersplenism, TTP, hemolytic uremic syndrome)
- systemic disorders affecting the hematopoietic and lymphoreticular system (eg, nutritional deficiencies, systemic lupus erythematosus)
- idiopathic disorders
Principles of therapeutics
- mechanisms of action, use, and adverse effects of drugs for treatment of disorders of the hematopoietic system
- blood and blood products
- treatment of anemia, drugs stimulating erythrocyte production (eg, erythropoietin)
- drugs stimulating leukocyte production (eg, G-CSF, GM-CSF)
- anticoagulants, thrombolytic drugs
- antiplatelet drugs
- antimicrobials (eg, antimalarials, anti-HIV)
- antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drugs
- drugs used to treat acquired disorders of immune responsiveness
- other therapeutic modalities (eg, splenectomy, chelating agents, radiation therapy for lymphomas, plasmapheresis)
Gender, ethnic, and behavioral considerations affecting disease treatment and prevention, including psychosocial, cultural, occupational, and environmental
- emotional and behavioral factors (eg, diet, depression and immune responses, “blood doping” among athletes)
- influence on person, family, and society (eg, childhood leukemia)
- occupational and other environmental risk factors (eg, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, lead)
- gender and ethnic factors (eg, herbal treatments with bone marrow depression)
source: usmle.org
Biochemistry topics for USMLE Step 1
Biochemistry topics for USMLE Step 1
Biochemistry and molecular biology
- energy metabolism, including metabolic sequences and regulation
- generation of energy from carbohydrates, fatty acids, and essential amino acids; glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, ketogenesis, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, glycogenolysis
- storage of energy: gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis
- thermodynamics: free energy, chemical equilibria and group transfer potential, energetics of ATP and other high-energy compounds
- metabolic pathways of small molecules and associated diseases
- biosynthesis and degradation of amino acids (eg, homocystinuria, maple syrup urine disease)
- biosynthesis and degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
- biosynthesis and degradation of lipids (eg, dyslipidemias, carnitine deficiency)
- biosynthesis and degradation of porphyrins
- galactosemia and other small sugar disorders
- biosynthesis and degredation of alcohols and other small molecules
- biosynthesis and degradation of other macromolecules and associated abnormalities, complex carbohydrates (eg, lysosomal storage disease), glycoproteins, and proteoglycans (eg, type II glycogen storage disease)
Biochemistry and molecular biology for USMLE Step 1
source: http://usmle.org/Examinations/step1/content/principles.html
Molecular biology topics for USMLE Step 1
Molecular biology topics for USMLE Step 1
Biochemistry and molecular biology
- gene expression: DNA structure, replication, and exchange
- DNA structure: single- and double-stranded DNA, stabilizing forces, supercoiling
- analysis of DNA: sequencing, restriction analysis, PCR amplification, hybridization
- DNA replication, mutation, repair, degradation, and inactivation
- gene structure and organization; chromosomes; centromere, telomere
- recombination, insertion sequences, transposons
- mechanisms of genetic exchange, including transformation, transduction, conjugation, crossover, recombination, linkage
- plasmids and bacteriophages
- gene expression: transcription, including defects
- transcription of DNA into RNA, enzymatic reactions, RNA, RNA degradation
- regulation: cis-regulatory elements, transcription factors, enhancers, promoters, silencers, repressants, splicing
- gene expression: translation, including defects
- the genetic code
- structure and function of tRNA
- structure and function of ribosomes
- protein synthesis
- regulation of translation
- post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, addition of CHO units
- protein degradation
- structure and function of proteins
- principles of protein structure and folding
- enzymes: kinetics, reaction mechanisms
- structural and regulatory proteins: ligand binding, self-assembly
- regulatory properties
source: http://usmle.org/Examinations/step1/content/principles.html
Wound healing topics for USMLE Step 1
Wound healing topics for USMLE Step 1
Biology of tissue response to disease
- reparative processes
- wound healing, hemostasis, and repair: thrombosis, granulation tissue, angiogenesis, fibrosis, scar/keloid formation
- regenerative processes
Biology of tissue response to disease for USMLE Step 1
February 27, 2010
Dialysis
Dialysis
FLASHCARDS
Flashcards and multiple choice questions on dialysis
Topics in flashcards: Dialysis and CVVH and CVVDF – Hemodialysis [peritoneal dialysis]
VIDEOS
Hemodialysis
Dialysis
Dialysis for Kidney Disease
Hemodialysis
Endocrinology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Endocrinology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Health and Health Maintenance
- Diabetes mellitus, including prevention of morbidity and mortality due to complications
- Screening (eg, cancer)
Mechanisms of Disease
- Thyroid function
- Diabetes mellitus and carbohydrate metabolism
- Parathyroid and calcium metabolism
- Pituitary and hypothalamic function
- Adrenal function
Diagnosis
- Thyroid disorders (eg, nodule; carcinoma; acquired hypothyroidism; thyroiditis; thyrotoxicosis; congenital hypothyroidism; goiter)
- Diabetes mellitus (eg, type 1, type 2; ketoacidosis; hyperosmolar coma; chronic complications)
- Parathyroid and calcium disorders (eg, hyperparathyroidism; hypoparathyroidism), and hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism (eg, iatrogenic; insulinoma)
- Pituitary, hypothalamic disorders (eg, diabetes insipidus; inappropriate ADH secretion; panhypopituitarism; acromegaly)
- Adrenal disorders (eg, corticoadrenal insufficiency; Cushing syndrome; adrenogenital syndrome; hyperaldosteronism; pheochromocytoma)
- Heat-related illness
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Orthopedics topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Orthopedics topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue
Health and Health Maintenance
- Epidemiology, impact, and prevention of degenerative joint and disc disease
- Prevention of disability due to musculoskeletal disorders or infection (eg, osteomyelitis; septic arthritis; Lyme disease; gonococcal tenosynovitis)
Mechanisms of Disease
- Infections
- Nerve compressions and degenerative, metabolic, and nutritional disorders
- Inherited, congenital, or developmental disorders
- Inflammatory or immunologic disorders
Diagnosis
- Infections (eg, osteomyelitis; septic arthritis; Lyme disease; gonococcal tenosynovitis)
- Degenerative, metabolic, and nutritional disorders (eg, degenerative joint disease; degenerative disc disease; gout; rickets)
- Inherited, congenital, or developmental disorders (eg, congenital hip dysplasia; phocomelia; osteochondritis; slipped capital femoral epiphysis; scoliosis; syringomyelia, dislocated hip in infantile spinal muscular atrophy)
- Inflammatory, immunologic, and other disorders (eg, polymyalgia rheumatica; lupus arthritis; polymyositis-dermatomyositis; rheumatoid arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis; bursitis; tendinitis; myofascial pain; fibromyalgia; shoulder-hand syndrome; Dupuytren contracture; Paget disease)
- Neoplasms (eg, osteosarcoma; metastases to bone; pulmonary osteoarthropathy)
- Traumatic injury and nerve compression and injury (eg, fractures, sprains, dislocations, carpal tunnel syndrome; cauda equina syndrome, low back pain)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Dermatology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Dermatology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Disorders of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues
Health and Health Maintenance
- Epidemiology and prevention of skin disorders secondary to exposure to the sun; contact dermatitis and drug reactions; decubitus ulcers; dermatophytic skin disorders
Mechanisms of Disease
- Skin disorders, including cancer, infections, and inflammatory disorders
Diagnosis
- Infections (eg, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chickenpox; cellulitis, carbuncle, abscess, gangrene; dermatophytoses; pilonidal cyst; viral warts; decubitus ulcers)
- Neoplasms (eg, squamous cell carcinoma; melanoma; actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma; pigmented nevi; hemangiomas)
- Other skin disorders (eg, industrial, occupational, and atopic dermatitis; psoriasis; seborrhea; acne)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
OBGYN topics for USMLE step 2 CK
OBGYN topics for USMLE step 2 CK
Disorders of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium
Health and Health Maintenance
- Prenatal care (eg, nutrition; prevention of iron deficiency; prevention of vitamin deficiency; Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis; prenatal diagnosis; teratology, diabetes mellitus, urinary tract infection, a-fetoprotein, rubella, genital herpes, streptococcal infections)
- Assessment of the at-risk pregnancy; risk of preterm labor
- Intrapartum care; signs of fetal compromise
- Contraception; sterilization; prevention of pregnancy after rape
Mechanisms of Disease
- Placenta, placental dysfunction
- Pregnancy and labor, including infection
- Postpartum disorders, including infection
- Fetus and newborn
Diagnosis
- Pregnancy and labor, including obstetric complications (eg, ectopic pregnancy; spontaneous abortion/septic abortion; hypertension; third-trimester bleeding; hydramnios; preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes, normal labor; multiple gestation; intrapartum fetal distress/fetal death; maternal mortality; fetal growth and development abnormalities; congenital abnormalities; gestational trophoblastic disease)
- Nonobstetric complications of pregnancy (eg, major medical complications and preexisting medical conditions; surgical complications; hyperemesis gravidarum)
- Complications of the puerperium (eg, problems with breast-feeding; postpartum hemorrhage; postpartum sepsis; postpartum depression, psychosis; mastitis; venous thromboembolism)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
Pregnancy/Labor and Delivery/Fetus and Newborn
Pregnancy: Complicated (eg, gestational diabetes, ectopic/tubal pregnancy, preeclampsia or eclampsia, cervical incompetence)
Pregnancy: Uncomplicated (eg, supervision of normal pregnancy, examination of liveborn before admission to hospital)
Labor, Delivery, & Postpartum (including placenta abnormalities) (eg, premature rupture of membranes, infections complicating childbirth, cesarean delivery, immediate postpartum hemorrhage)
Fetus & Newborn (eg, congenital anomalies, Down syndrome, neonatal hypoglycemia, feeding problems in newborn [breast-feeding])
Perinatal Infections (eg, congenital cytomegalovirus infection, neonatal conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis, neonatal sepsis, herpes simplex virus)
source: usmle.org
Renal and Urology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Renal and Urology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Renal, Urinary, and Male Reproductive Systems
Health and Health Maintenance
- Infection (eg, urinary tract, sexually transmitted diseases [male])
- Acute and chronic renal failure including risk factors and prevention and methods of limiting progression
- Male health maintenance examination (eg, testicular, prostatic)
Mechanisms of Disease
- Disorders of the male reproductive system
- Urinary incontinence and obstruction, enuresis
- Renal insufficiency/failure
- Electrolyte and water metabolism and acid-base balance
Diagnosis
- Disorders of the male reproductive system (eg, infections; torsion of the testis; undescended testicle; neoplasms of the testis; benign prostatic hyperplasia; carcinoma of the prostate; hypospadias; hydrocele, varicocele; urethral stricture, impotence, premature ejaculation)
- Disorders of the urinary bladder and urinary collecting system (eg, cystitis; pyelitis; dysuria, hematuria, pyuria; carcinoma of the bladder; urolithiasis; ureteral reflux; neurogenic bladder; urinary incontinence; enuresis; obstruction; hydronephrosis)
- Disorders of the kidneys (eg, pyelonephritis; glomerulonephritis; interstitial nephropathy; renal insufficiency and failure; oliguria, anuria, azotemia, uremia, renal osteodystrophy; hypertensive renal disease; lupus nephritis; inherited disorders)
- Traumatic injury
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
- usmle.org
OBGYN topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
OBGYN topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Gynecologic Disorders
Health and Health Maintenance
- Postmenarchal/reproductive
- Peri/postmenopausal
Mechanisms of Disease
- Infections (eg, vulvovaginitis; pelvic inflammatory disease; toxic shock; sexually transmitted disease; endometritis; urethritis; Bartholin gland abscess; abscess of the breast; mastitis)
- Urinary incontinence and obstruction
- Menstrual and endocrinologic disorders; infertility
Diagnosis
- Pelvic relaxation and urinary incontinence (eg, urinary tract infection; uterovaginal prolapse; cystocele, rectocele, urethrocele)
- Neoplasms (eg, cervical dysplasia, cancer; leiomyomata uteri; endometrial cancer; ovarian neoplasms; neoplastic disorders of the breast; vulvar neoplasms)
- Benign conditions of the breast
- Menstrual and endocrinologic disorders (eg, amenorrhea [including undiagnosed pregnancy]; abnormal uterine bleeding; dysmenorrhea; menopausal, postmenopausal disorders [osteoporosis]; premenstrual syndrome; hirsutism, virilization; ovarian disorders [ovarian failure, polycystic ovarian syndrome])
- Sexual abuse and rape
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
usmle.org
Gastrointestinal system topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Gastrointestinal system topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Nutritional and Digestive Disorders
Health and Health Maintenance
- Screening (eg, cancer)
- Viral hepatitis and alcohol-related hepatopathy
Mechanisms of Disease
- Malabsorption/malnutrition
- Jaundice
- Infections/parasites
- Obstruction/mechanical
Diagnosis
- Disorders of the mouth, salivary glands, oropharynx, and esophagus (eg, dental disorders; disorders of the salivary glands; esophageal reflux; dysphagia; motility disorders of the esophagus; hiatal hernia; carcinoma of the esophagus)
- Disorders of the stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum/anus (eg, gastritis; peptic ulcer disease; congenital disorders; malabsorption; appendicitis; granulomatous enterocolitis; ischemic colitis; irritable bowel syndrome; diverticula; colonic polyps; ulcerative colitis; peritonitis; bowel obstruction, volvulus, intussusception; hernia; necrotizing enterocolitis; infection; carcinoma of the stomach, colon, and rectum; antibiotic-associated colitis; hemorrhoids; anal fissures; anal fistula; perianal/perirectal abscess)
- Disorders of the pancreas (eg, pancreatitis; pseudocyst; carcinoma of the pancreas)
- Disorders of the liver and biliary system (eg, hepatitis; cirrhosis; hepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice; portal hypertension; ascites, esophageal varices; cholelithiasis; cholecystitis; hepatic abscess, subphrenic abscess; neoplasms of the liver; storage diseases; neoplasms of the biliary tract)
- Traumatic injury and poisoning (including drain cleaner ingestion)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
usmle.org
Pulmonary system for USMLE Step 2 CK
Pulmonary system for USMLE Step 2 CK
Diseases of the Respiratory System
Health and Health Maintenance
- Chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, carcinoma of the larynx, carcinoma of the lung; pulmonary aspiration, atelectasis; tuberculosis
Mechanisms of Disease
- Ventilatory dysfunction (eg, obstructive disorders: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema)
- Respiratory failure, acute and chronic, including oxygenation failure (eg, interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, ventilation failure)
- Circulatory dysfunction
- Neoplastic disorders
Diagnosis
- Disorders of the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and trachea (eg, rhinitis; pharyngitis, tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess; thrush; sinusitis; acute laryngotracheitis; epiglottitis; carcinoma of the larynx; laryngeal/pharyngeal obstruction; trauma; tracheoesophageal fistula)
- Infections of the lung (eg, acute bronchiolitis; pneumonia; tuberculosis)
- Obstructive airways disease (eg, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis; asthma, bronchospasm, wheezing; emphysema, a1-antitrypsin deficiency; cystic fibrosis)
- Atelectasis, pulmonary aspiration
- Pneumothorax, hemothorax, traumatic injury to the lungs and disorders involving the pleura (eg, pleurisy; pleural effusion)
- Pneumoconiosis, fibrosing or restrictive pulmonary disorders (eg, asbestosis; silicosis; sarcoidosis)
- Respiratory failure, hypoxia, hypercapnia, dyspnea (eg, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn; acute respiratory distress syndrome; acute and chronic respiratory failure; drowning)
- Pulmonary vascular disorders (eg, pulmonary embolism; pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary edema)
- Neoplastic disorders of the lungs and pleura (eg, primary tumors; metastatic tumors)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
usmle.org
Cardiovascular system topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Cardiovascular system topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Cardiovascular Disorders
Health and Health Maintenance
- Arterial hypertension
- Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease; hyperlipidemia
- Prevention of rheumatic heart disease, thromboembolic disease, pulmonary emboli, bacterial endocarditis
Mechanisms of Disease
- Cardiac output, resistance, central venous pressure
- Valvular stenosis, incompetence
- Congenital heart disease
- Regulation of blood pressure
- Disorders of the arteries and veins
Diagnosis
- Dysrhythmias; palpitations, syncope (eg, premature beats; paroxysmal tachycardias; atrial flutter and fibrillation; bradycardias; ventricular fibrillation; cardiac arrest)
- Heart failure (congestive, diastolic, systolic dysfunction), dyspnea, fatigue, peripheral edema of cardiac origin (eg, chronic heart failure; cor pulmonale)
- Ischemic heart disease; chest pain of cardiac origin (eg, angina pectoris; coronary insufficiency; myocardial infarction)
- Diseases of the myocardium (eg, hypertrophic; myocarditis)
- Diseases of the pericardium (eg, acute pericarditis; chronic constrictive pericardiopathy; pericardial effusion; pericardial tamponade)
- Valvular heart disease (eg, acute rheumatic fever; mitral and aortic valve disorders; infective endocarditis)
- Congenital cardiovascular disease (eg, patent ductus arteriosus; atrial septal defect; ventricular septal defect; endocardial cushion defect; tetralogy of Fallot; coarctation of the aorta)
- Systemic hypotension, hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock; cyanosis
- Arterial hypertension (eg, essential; secondary)
- Atherosclerosis – lipoproteins
- Disorders of the great vessels (eg, dissecting aortic aneurysm; ruptured aneurysm; aortoiliac disease)
- Peripheral arterial vascular diseases, vasculitis (eg, polyarteritis; temporal arteritis; arteriovenous fistula)
- Diseases of the veins, peripheral edema (eg, varicose veins; thrombophlebitis; deep venous thrombosis)
- Traumatic injury
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Neurology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Neurology topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Diseases of the Nervous System and Special Senses
Health and Health Maintenance
- Cerebrovascular disease, cerebral infarction
- Nutritional deficiencies, toxic injuries, and occupational disorders including lead, carbon monoxide, and organophosphate poisoning
- Infection involving the nervous system, eyes, or ears
- Degenerative and demyelinating disorders, including Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis
Mechanisms of Disease
- Localizing anatomy:
- brain and special senses
- brain stem
- spinal cord
- neuromuscular system
- Anatomy of cerebral circulation
- Increased intracranial pressure and altered state of consciousness
- Infection
- Degenerative/developmental and metabolic disorders
Diagnosis
- Disorders of the eye (eg, blindness; glaucoma; infection; papilledema; optic atrophy; retinal disorders; diabetic retinopathy; diplopia; cataract; neoplasms; vascular disorders; uveitis; iridocyclitis; traumatic, toxic injury; toxoplasmosis)
- Disorders of the ear, olfaction, and taste (eg, deafness, hearing loss, otitis, mastoiditis; vertigo, tinnitus, Meniere disease; acoustic neuroma; traumatic, toxic injury)
- Disorders of the nervous system:
- paroxysmal disorders (eg, headache; trigeminal neuralgia; seizure disorders; syncope)
- cerebrovascular disease (eg, intracerebral hemorrhage; ischemic disorders; aneurysm, subarachnoid hemorrhage; cavernous sinus thrombosis)
- traumatic, toxic injury; including lead, carbon monoxide, and organophosphate poisoning
- infections (eg, bacterial, fungal, viral, opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients; Lyme disease; abscess; neurosyphilis; Guillain-Barré syndrome)
- neoplasms (eg, primary; metastatic; neurofibromatosis)
- metabolic disorders (eg, metabolic encephalopathy, vitamin B12 [cobalamin] deficiency, vitamin B1 [thiamine] deficiency; coma, confusion, delirium, dementia)
- degenerative and developmental disorders (eg, Alzheimer disease; Huntington disease; parkinsonism; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Tay-Sachs disease; multiple sclerosis; cerebral palsy; dyslexia)
- neuromuscular disorders, gait abnormalities, and disorders relating to the spine and spinal nerve roots (eg, myasthenia gravis; muscular dystrophy; peripheral neuropathy; neck pain; cervical radiculopathy; lumbosacral radiculopathy; spinal stenosis)
- sleep disorders (eg, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnolence, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep apnea)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Psychiatry topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Psychiatry topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Mental Disorders
Health and Health Maintenance
- Early identification and intervention (eg, suicide potential, depression, alcohol/substance abuse, family involvement in schizophrenia)
Mechanisms of Disease
- Biologic markers of mental disorders and mental retardation syndromes
- Intended/unintended effects of therapeutic interventions, including effects of drugs on neurotransmitters
Diagnosis
- Mental disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence (eg, mental retardation; communication disorders; pervasive developmental disorders; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; disruptive disorders; tic disorders; elimination disorders)
- Substance-related disorders (eg, alcohol and other substances)
- Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
- Mood disorders (eg, bipolar disorders; major unipolar depressive disorders; dysthymic disorder; mood disorder due to a general medical condition; medication-induced mood disorder)
- Anxiety disorders (eg, panic disorder; phobia; obsessive-compulsive disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder; generalized anxiety disorder; acute stress disorder; separation anxiety disorder; anxiety due to a general medical condition; substance-induced anxiety disorder)
- Somatoform disorders (eg, factitious disorder; somatization disorder; pain disorder; conversion disorder; hypochondriasis)
- Other disorders/conditions (eg, sexual and gender identity disorders; personality disorders; child, spouse, elder abuse; eating disorders; adjustment disorders; dissociative disorders; psychological factors affecting medical conditions)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Hematology topics on USMLE Step 2 CK
Hematology topics on USMLE Step 2 CK
Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs
Health and Health Maintenance
- Anemia (iron deficiency, vitamin-related, drug-induced, sickle cell)
- Infection(systemic)
Mechanisms of Disease
- Red cell disorders
- Coagulation disorders
- White cell disorders, including leukopenia, agranulocytosis, and neoplasms
Diagnosis
- Anemia, disorders of red cells, hemoglobin, and iron metabolism (eg, blood loss; iron deficiency anemia, nutritional deficiencies; pernicious anemia, other megaloblastic anemias; hemolytic anemia; anemia associated with chronic disease; aplastic anemia, pancytopenia; thalassemia; sickle cell disease; polycythemia vera; hemochromatosis)
- Bleeding disorders, coagulopathies, thrombocytopenia (eg, hemophilia, von Willebrand disease; qualitative and quantitative platelet deficiencies; disseminated intravascular coagulation; hypofibrinogenemia; immune thrombocytopenic purpura; hemolytic-uremic syndrome)
- Neoplastic disorders (eg, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphomas; acute leukemia in children; acute leukemia in adults; chronic leukemic states; mycosis fungoides; multiple myeloma)
- Eosinophilia and reactions to transfusion of blood components (including complications) and leukopenic disorders, agranulocytosis
- Infection (eg, sepsis, malaria, mononucleosis)
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Hematology topics for USMLE Step 3
Hematology topics for USMLE Step 3
Disorders of Blood
Splenic Disorders (eg, traumatic and nontraumatic diseases of spleen)
Anemias and Cytopenias (eg, iron deficiency anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, hemoglobinopathies, thrombocytopenic purpura and ITP)
Bleeding Disorders (eg, coagulation defects, congenital factor VIII disorder/hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation)
Reactions to Blood Components (eg, transfusion reaction, ABO incompatibility reaction, Rh incompatibility reaction)
Malignant Neoplasias (eg, Hodgkin disease, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, leukemia)
Infections (eg, infectious mononucleosis, cat-scratch disease, septicemia, lymphadenitis)
Toxic Effects (eg, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia)
souce: usmle.org
Immune system disorder for USMLE Step 2 CK
Immune system disorder for USMLE Step 2 CK
Immunologic Disorders
Health and Health Maintenance
- Anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions
- HIV infection/AIDS
- Immunization against infectious agents (including infants, children, adults, the elderly; patients having compromised immune systems)
Mechanisms of Disease
- Abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity
- Abnormalities of humoral immunity
Diagnosis
- Anaphylactic reactions and shock
- Connective tissue disorders (eg, mixed connective tissue disease and systemic lupus erythematosus)
- HIV infection/AIDS; deficiencies of cell-mediated immunity
- Deficiencies of humoral immunity; combined immune deficiency
Principles of Management
(With emphasis on topics covered in Diagnosis)
- Pharmacotherapy only
- Management decision (treatment/diagnosis steps)
- Treatment only
source: usmle.org
Hospital systems for USMLE Step 2 CK
Hospital systems for USMLE Step 2 CK
Systems-Based Practice and Patient Safety
- Systems-based practice and quality improvement (microsystems and teams including hand-offs, standardization of processes, reducing deviance)
- Patient safety, medical errors and near misses (sentinel events, problem identification, root cause analysis)
source: usmle.org
Statistics topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Statistics topics for USMLE Step 2 CK
Applied Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology
- Understanding statistical concepts of measurement in medical practice
- Interpretation of the medical literature
Death and dying topics on USMLE Step 2 CK
Death and dying topics on USMLE Step 2 CK
Medical Ethics and Jurisprudence
- Death and dying (eg, diagnosing death, organ donation, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide) and palliative care (eg, hospice, pain management, family counseling, psychosocial and spiritual issues, fear and loneliness)
source: usmle.org
Physician Patient Relationship topics on step 2 CK
Physician Patient Relationship
Medical Ethics and Jurisprudence
- Physician-patient relationship (eg, truth-telling, confidentiality, privacy, autonomy, public reporting) and birth-related issues (eg, prenatal diagnosis, abortion, maternal-fetal conflict)
usmle.org
Informed consent topics on Step 2 CK
Informed consent topics on Step 2 CK
Medical Ethics and Jurisprudence
- Consent and informed consent to treatment (eg, full disclosure, alternate therapies, risks and benefits, life-support, advance directives, health care proxy) and research issues (eg, consent, placebos, conflict of interest, vulnerable populations)
source: usmle.org
Geriatrics topics on Step 2 CK
Geriatrics topics on Step 2 CK
Senescence
- Normal physical and mental changes associated with aging
source: usmle.org
Pediatrics topics on Step 2 CK
Pediatrics topics on Step 2 CK
Infancy and Childhood
- Normal growth and development
Adolescence
- Sexuality; separation from parents/autonomy; physical changes of puberty
http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step2/ck/content/principles.html
Hernias
Hernias
VIDEOS
Indirect Inguinal Hernia: Operative Technique (1926), pt 1 of 2
Indirect Inguinal Hernia: Operative Technique (1926), pt 2 of 2
Gastrointestinal Hormones
Gastrointestinal Hormones
Link: http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/overview.html
Overview of Gastrointestinal Hormones |
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| If you are like most people, you eat several meals and occasional snacks each day, but rarely think about the immense number of tasks that must be performed by your digestive system to break down, absorb and assimilate those nutrients. Robust control systems are required to coordinate digestive processes in man and animals, and are provided by both the nervous and endocrine systems. Endocrine control over digestive functions is provided by the so-called enteric endocrine system, which is summarized elsewhere.
The classical GI hormones are secreted by epithelial cells lining the lumen of the stomach and small intestine. These hormone-secreting cells – endocrinocytes – are interspersed among a much larger number of epithelial cells that secrete their products (acid, mucus, etc.) into the lumen or take up nutrients from the lumen. GI hormones are secreted into blood, and hence circulate systemically, where they affect function of other parts of the digestive tube, liver, pancreas, brain and a variety of other targets. There are a bunch of hormones, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters that affect gastrointestinal function. Interestingly, a number of the classical GI hormones are also synthesized in the brain, and sometimes referred to as “brain-gut peptides”. The significance of this pattern of expression is not clear. The following table summarizes the effects and stimuli for release of the major gastrointestinal hormones, each of which is discussed in more detail on subsequent pages: |
| Hormone | Major Activities | Stimuli for Release |
|---|---|---|
| Gastrin | Stimulates gastric acid secretion and proliferation of gastric epithelium | Presence of peptides and amino acids in gastric lumen |
| Cholecystokinin | Stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, and contraction and emptying of the gall bladder | Presence of fatty acids and amino acids in the small intestine |
| Secretin | Stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile ducts | Acidic pH in the lumen of the small intestine |
| Ghrelin | Appears to be a strong stimulant for appetite and feeding; also a potent stimulator of growth hormone secretion. | Not clear, but secretion peaks prior to feeding and diminishes with gastric filling |
| Motilin | Apparently involved in stimulating housekeeping patterns of motility in the stomach and small intestine | Not clear, but secretion is associated with fasting |
| Gastric inhibitory polypeptide |
Inhibits gastric secretion and motility and potentiates release of insulin from beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose concentration |
Urethral Injuries
Urethral Injuries
Anastomotic urethroplasty for posterior urethral trauma
Urethroplasty
Urethral Injuries
Eye Anatomy
Eye Anatomy
How The Human Eye Works
Human Body : Pushing The Limits – Sight ( Part 1 of 4 )
Human Body : Pushing The Limits – Sight ( Part 2 of 4 )
Human Body : Pushing The Limits – Sight ( Part 3 of 4 )
Human Body : Pushing The Limits – Sight ( Part 4 of 4 )
Eye Injuries
Eye Injuries
PERSONAL STORIES / NEWS
Basketball Player Loses Eye
Vicious Attack Leads to Child Losing Eye
Sabiston Textbook of Surgery
Click on the link or image below to learn more about this surgery textbook.
February 26, 2010
Immune System
Immune System
Disorders of the Immune System
Immune Deficiency Disorders (eg, hypogammaglobulinemia, IgA deficiency)
HIV (eg, AIDS, AIDS-related complex, pneumocystosis, Kaposi sarcoma)
Vascular/Arterial Disorders (eg, Wegener granulomatosis, arteritis)
MSK/Connective Tissue Disorders (eg, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, systemic lupus erythematosus)
Vaccinations/Chemotherapy (eg, routine and nonroutine, including travel vaccinations, prophylactic and maintenance chemotherapy)
Anaphylaxis/Immunologic reactions (eg, anaphylaxis, reactions to venomous bites, desensitization to allergens)
Infections (eg, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, retrovirus)
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Diseases/Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Breast (eg, fibrocystic/solitary cyst of breast, hypertrophy of breast, disorders of lactation, mastitis)
Uterus (eg, leiomyoma of uterus, postcoital bleeding, endometriosis of uterus, uterine prolapse)
Ovary, Fallopian Tube, & Broad Ligament (eg, ovarian or fallopian tube torsion, ovarian cyst, ovarian failure, benign neoplasm of ovary)
Cervix (eg, cervix uteri, cervicitis and endocervicitis, dysplasia of cervix [uteri], abnormal Pap smear of cervix)
Vagina/Vulva (eg, vaginitis and vulvovaginitis, prolapse of vaginal walls, imperforate hymen, vaginismus)
Menstrual Disorders (eg, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual tension syndrome, irregular menstrual cycle, ovulation bleeding)
Menopause (eg, postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, premenopausal menorrhagia, postmenopausal bleeding, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis)
Pelvic Relaxation and Urinary Disorders (eg, stress incontinence, uterine prolapse, prolapse of vaginal walls, cystocele/rectocele)
Female Fertility/Infertility (eg, contraception, pre-pregnancy counseling, dyspareunia, female infertility)
Neoplasms (eg, malignant neoplasm of breast, uterus, ovary, vagina/vulva; cervical cancer)
Infections (eg, human papillomavirus, sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, salpingitis and oophoritis)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, injuries, wounds, toxic effects, or burns affecting the female reproductive system)
Renal and Urology topics for USMLE Step 3
Renal and Urinary Disorders
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System (eg, neoplasm of male breast/prostate/testes, prostatitis, torsion of testes, orchitis/epididymitis)
Infections (eg, human papillomavirus, sexually transmitted diseases)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, injuries, wounds, toxic effects, or burns affecting the male reproductive system)
Renal and Urinary Disorders
Lower Urinary Tract (eg, neurogenic bladder, enuresis/incontinence of urine, urinary obstruction, cystitis)
Upper Urinary Tract (eg, glomerulonephritis, renal failure/insufficiency, polycystic kidney disease, calculus of kidney/ureter/urinary tract)
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders (eg, dehydration, hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalances, metabolic disorders)
Infections (eg, pyelonephritis, urethritis, urinary tract infection)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, extravasation of urine)
Endocrinology topics for USMLE Step 3
Endocrine System
Disorders of the Endocrine System
Thyroid Disorders (eg, malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis)
Diabetes Mellitus (eg, ketoacidosis, renal manifestations, neurologic manifestations, hypoglycemic shock)
Adrenal Disorders (eg, neuroblastoma, hyperaldosteronism, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, corticoadrenal insufficiency [Addison disease])
Parathyroid/Pituitary Disorders (eg, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, prolactinoma,
pheochromocytoma)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, heat syncope, heat stroke and sun stroke, heat exhaustion)
Skin Disorders
Skin Disorders
Disorders of the Skin/Subcutaneous Tissue
Skin Eruptions (eg, contact dermatitis, erythema multiforme, psoriasis, decubitus ulcer)
Disorders of Nails/Hair/Sweat Glands (eg, ingrowing nail, seborrhea capitis/folliculitis/sycosis, hirsutism, hyperhidrosis)
Lumps/Tumors of the Skin (eg, malignant melanoma of skin/lip, keratoderma, sebaceous cyst,
neurofibromatosis)
Infections (eg, tinea infections, cellulitis and abscess, erythema infectiosum, molluscum contagiosum)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, wounds or burns affecting the skin or subcutaneous tissue, keloid scar, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, frostbite)
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Degenerative/Metabolic Disorders (eg, gout, osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of bone, disc displacement)
Inflammatory/Immunologic Disorders (eg, ankylosis/spondylopathy, rheumatoid arthritis,
synovitis/tenosynovitis, myalgia and myositis)
Hereditary Developmental Disorders (eg, genu valgum or varum, congenital dislocation of hip, scoliosis, varus/valgus deformities of feet)
Neoplasms (eg, secondary malignant neoplasm of bone and bone marrow, osteosarcoma)
Infections (eg, infective arthritis, infective myositis, Lyme disease, osteomyelitis)
Traumatic Injuries (eg, tears, fractures, dislocations, contusions)
Psychiatry
Psychiatry
Behavioral/Emotional Disorders
Psychotic Disorders (eg, schizophrenia, paranoid state, psychotic disorder)
Anxiety Disorders (eg, panic disorder [panic attacks], phobic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder)
Mood Disorders (eg, dysthymic disorder, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, postpartum depression)
Somatoform Disorders (eg, somatization disorder, malingering, conversion disorder, hypochondriasis [including body dysmorphic disorder])
Eating Disorders and Other Impulse Control Disorders (eg, bulimia, disorders of impulse control [gambling, shoplifting], binge eating disorder)
Disorders Originating in Infancy/Childhood/Adolescence (eg, oppositional defiant disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, developmental speech or language disorder, autistic disorder)
Personality Disorders (eg, antisocial personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder)
Psychosocial Problems (eg, psychosexual dysfunction, bereavement)
Substance Use Disorders (eg, alcohol abuse and dependence, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, cocaine/opiates/sedatives/hypnotics abuse and dependence)
Toxic Effects (eg, poisoning by psychotropic agents, including antidepressants)
source: http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step3/content/disease.html
Gastrointestinal System
Gastrointestinal System
Nutritional and Digestive System Disorders
Mouth, Salivary Glands, and Esophagus (eg, malignant neoplasm of mouth/salivary
glands/esophagus, esophageal varices, esophagitis/esophageal reflux, diaphragmatic hernia)
Stomach (eg, neoplasm of stomach, gastric ulcer problems, peptic ulcer problems, gastritis and duodenitis)
Small Intestine/Colon and Rectum (eg, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticula, anal fissure or fistula, celiac disease)
Gallbladder and Bile Duct (eg, calculus of gallbladder, cholangitis, obstruction of common bile duct and biliary atresia)
Liver (eg, acute hepatic failure, cirrhosis, ascites, fatty liver disease)
Pancreas (eg, neoplasm of pancreas or Islets of Langerhans, pancreatitis, cyst and pseudocyst of pancreas)
Nutritional Disorders (eg, obesity, malnutrition and malabsorption)
Infections (eg, gastroenteritis, coxsackievirus, candidiasis of mouth [thrush], hepatitis A/B/C, Helicobacter pylori)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, food poisoning, hernia of abdominal cavity, ventral hernia)
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Disorders
Hypertensive Disease (eg, hypertension, elevated blood pressure)
Hypotension (eg, orthostatic hypotension, hypotensive emergency)
Ischemic Heart Disease and Atherosclerosis (eg, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis)
Congestive Heart Failure (eg, congestive heart failure, left heart failure)
Dysrhythmias (eg, atrioventricular block, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, fibrillation and flutter, cardiac arrest)
Disorders of the Great Vessels (eg, atherosclerosis of aorta, dissecting aneurysm, aortic aneurysm)
Valvular Heart Disease (eg, rheumatic heart disease, endocarditis, valve disorders, functional murmurs)
Peripheral Arterial Vascular Diseases (eg, Raynaud syndrome, intermittent claudication, arterial embolism/thrombosis)
Diseases of Veins (eg, phlebitis/thrombophlebitis, deep venous thrombosis, varicose veins, venous insufficiency)
Congenital Disease (eg, ventricular/atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of aorta, tetralogy of Fallot)
Diseases of Myocardium (eg, hypertensive cardiomegaly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis)
Diseases of Pericardium (eg, pericarditis, pericardial tamponade)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, cardiovascular injury, fat embolism)
Respiratory System
Respiratory System
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Obstructive Airways Disease (eg, cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma)
Pneumoconiosis/Fibrosing or Restrictive Pulmonary Disorders (eg, sarcoidosis, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis, pulmonary fibrosis)
Respiratory Failure & Pulmonary Vascular Disease (eg, pulmonary hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, pulmonary embolism)
Upper Respiratory Conditions (eg, sinusitis, peritonsillar abscess, otitis, streptococcal throat infection)
Neoplasms (eg, mesothelioma, paraneoplastic syndrome)
Lung Infections (eg, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, pleurisy, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, drowning and nonfatal submersion)
http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step3/content/disease.html
Nervous System
Nervous System
Disorders of the Nervous System and Special Senses
Degenerative/Developmental Disorders (eg, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy)
Neuromuscular/Degenerative Disorders (eg, paraplegia, myasthenia gravis, spinal stenosis, neuritis)
Cerebrovascular Diseases (eg, intracranial hemorrhage, transient cerebral ischemias, stroke, vascular dementia [multi-infarct dementia])
Peripheral Nerve Diseases (eg, carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve compression, neuropathy)
Headache and Movement Disorders (eg, seizure disorder, trigeminal neuralgia, Bell palsy, torticollis)
Sleep Disorders (eg, night terrors and sleepwalking, cataplexy and narcolepsy)
Neoplasms (eg, meningioma, metastatic lesions)
Infectious Diseases (eg, tetanus, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, meningitis, encephalitis)
Trauma and Toxic Effects (eg, intracranial injury, brain death, coma, concussion)
Disorders of the Eye (eg, glaucoma, retinal detachment, cataract, corneal abrasion)
Disorders of the Ear (eg, perforation of tympanic membrane, acoustic neuroma, hearing loss, vertigo)
Hospital Systems
Hospital Systems
Systems-Based Care and Patient Safety
Systems-Based Practice and Quality Improvement (eg, microsystems and teams including hand-offs, standardization of processes, reducing deviance)
Patient Safety, Medical Errors and Near Misses (eg, sentinel events, problem identification, root cause analysis)
Biostatistics
Biostatistics
Applied Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology
Understanding Statistical Concepts (eg, understanding statistical concepts, calculations of one thing/multiple things, mixed calculations/interpretations)
Interpretation of the Medical Literature (eg, interpretation of a study statement, reading a table or graph, evaluation of the validity of the author’s conclusion, identification of the study flaw, design of a study)
Biostatistics
Death and Dying
Death and Dying
Medical Ethics and Jurisprudence
Death and Dying (eg, diagnosing death, organ donation, euthanasia/physician-assisted suicide, palliative care)
Physician Patient Relationship
Physician Patient Relationship
Medical Ethics and Jurisprudence
Physician/Patient Relationship (eg, truth-telling, confidentiality, privacy, adult maltreatment [including elder abuse], child maltreatment [child abuse])
Informed Consent
Informed Consent
Medical Ethics and Jurisprudence
Consent and Informed Consent to Treatment (eg, full disclosure, advance directives/health care proxy, permission to treat, competency, autonomy)
Consent
Normal Development
Normal Development
Normal Development
Infancy/Childhood (eg, normal growth and development)
Adolescence (eg, sexuality, physical changes of puberty)
Adult (eg, normal physical findings and lifestyle issues)
Senescence (eg, normal physical and mental changes of aging)
Normal Development
Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative Colitis
PATIENT STORIES
I have UC….(Ulcerative colitis)
My Sigmoidoscopy 2/15/2008 [patient with ulcerative colitis]
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Lower GI Colonoscopy (Sigmoidoscopy)
My Sigmoidoscopy 2/15/2008
Sigmoidoscopy
Pericardiocentesis
Pericardiocentesis
Pericardiocentesis
Pericardiocentesis
Pericardiocentesis
hospital general procedimientos cardiologia
Pericardiocentesis
Ischemic Limb and Gangrene
Ischemic Limb and Gangrene
Gangrene
Ischemic Limb and Gangrene
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis
VIDEOS
Necrotizing Fasciitis – Galindo8
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing Fasciitis
USMLE Step 3 Content Introduction
USMLE Step 3 Content Introduction
Step 3 Content Description
Step 3 Problem/Disease List
The design of the Step 3 Content Outline has been influenced by the review of empirical data drawn from several sources, including, for example, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Discharge Survey. The diseases noted in the outline do not represent an all-inclusive registry of disorders about which questions may be asked. Questions are generally, but not exclusively, focused on the listed disorders. In addition, not all listed topics are included on each examination.
source: http://www.usmle.org/Examinations/step3/content/disease.html
USMLE Step 3 Content Introduction
Knee Anatomy
Knee Anatomy
Knee Ligament Anatomy Animation
Patella and ligaments 1
Patella Grove
Patella and ligaments 2
Charlie Weis tears ACL
Knee Anatomy
Knee Dislocation
Knee Dislocation
FLASHCARDS
Flashcards on knee injuries, knee dislocation, etc; with multiple choice questions .
VIDEOS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Understanding Knee Pain (Sports Injuries #2)
Knee Injuries 101 (Health Short)
KNEE INJURY MECHANISMS OF ACTION
Knee injury – torned ligament – ouch
Jimmy Bullard’s Horrible Knee Injury
LIGAMENT TEARS
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
LCL rupture
PCL Rupture
Knee dislocation with ACL PCL injury
Patellar Subluxation
PHYSICAL EXAM
Anterior Draw (Normal)
Posterior Draw Test
Test lachman con cruzado anterior roto [Lachman Test]
Mod lach
Lach ed
Valgus and Varus
Varus of the knee
McMurrays test
Pivot Shift Test (Positive)
Knee effusion
TREATMENT/REDUCTION
Home Injury Treatments : Dislocated Knee Treatment Tips
Wilderness First Aid : How to Treat a Knee Injury in the Wilderness
Knee Dislocation
Surgical Secrets
Abernathy’s Surgical Secrets by Alden Harken
Click on the link or image below to read student reviews.
Abernathy’s Surgical Secrets by Alden Harken
Netter Anatomy
Atlas of Human Anatomy: With Netteranatomy.com Frank Netter
Atlas of Human Anatomy: With Netteranatomy.com Frank Netter
Click on the link or image below to read student reviews.
Atlas of Human Anatomy: With Netteranatomy.com Frank Netter
————————————————————————————————————–
Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th Edition Frank Netter
Click on the link or image below to read student reviews.
Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th Edition Frank Netter
—————————————————————————————
Netter’s Anatomy Flash Cards: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access
Click on the link or image below to read student reviews.
Netter’s Anatomy Flash Cards: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access
————————————————————————-
Orthopedics Abbreviations
Orthopedic Abbreviations
- ORIF Open Reduction Internal Fixation
- ROM Range of Motion
- FROM Full Range of Motion
- ACL anterior Cruciate Ligament
- PCL Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- MCL Medial Collateral Ligament
- PWB Partial Weight Bearing
- FWB Full Weight Bearing
- WBAT Weight Bearing As Tolerated
- THA Total Hip Arthroplasty
- TKA Total Knee Arthroplasty
- THR Total Hip Replacement
- TKR Total Knee Replacement
source
surgical recall, p.674
February 25, 2010
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Leaves Two Dead
Rescue 911 – Episode 508 – “Carbon Monoxide Family”
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning