UCSF Students

Before you apply to the UCSF School of Medicine, there are a few things you should know

Related links: Kaplan MCAT

Medical Students

When the experience of medical school becomes too painful, you just have to stop and laugh at it all

How to choose 4th year electives before residency .

Match Day: A collection of videos of medical students on Match Day .

Surviving the scramble for a residency position: A guide for medical students .

Medical school graduation ceremonies and speeches: The captured moments .

UCSF SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Before you apply to the UCSF School of Medicine, there are a few things you should know .

How to study for the Brain Mind and Behavior Block (Neurology and Psychiatry) at UCSF .

USMLE EXAMS

Multiple choice questions for medical students preparing for USMLE Step 1 .

How to maintain patient safety, get help, and load the boat during internship and residency .

Related links: Kaplan USMLE Programs

How to manage depression in internship and residency .

How to stay up 30 hours or go without sleep for long periods during your internship and residency .

General Surgery Residency

Why general surgery residents quit their training and how to prevent this from happening to you .

Related books: The ABSITE Review

Personality Types

How to succeed in medical school if you are an ENFJ personality type medical student .

IF YOU FOUND THESE ARTICLES HELPFUL, PLEASE SUBSCRIBE!

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March 27, 2010

Pneumothorax on learningradiology

Filed under: Chest Trauma, Lung Bullae, Pleura, Pneumothorax — Tags: Pneumothorax on learningradiology — admin @ 12:51 pm

Pneumothorax on learningradiology

http://www.learningradiology.com/medstudents/recognizingseries/pneumothoraxflashpage.htm

TOPICS
- pleura
slide 3: visceral pleura, parietal pleural, pleural space
slide 4: you must see the visceral pleura white line to make the diagnosis of pneumothorax
slide 7: large bulla
slide 12: skin fold vs pneumothorax
slide 18: simple and tension pneumothorax
slide 25: if there is a tension pneumothorax, there is a shift of the heart or trachea AWAY from the side of the pneumothorax
slide 26: spontaneous vs trauma pneumothorax
slide 29: start of quiz

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Barium Enema and Double Contrast Study

Filed under: Colon Barium Enema, Colorectal Cancer, Hepatic Flexure, Splenic Flexure — Tags: Barium Enema and Double Contrast Study — admin @ 5:33 am

Barium Enema and Double Contrast Study

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/barium_enema_1_content.php

Yale school of medicine

SLIDES 1
Goals
1. GI tract is often injected with contrast medium to visualize abnormal anatomy and the contrast is frequently followed up with air for a “double contrast” study
2. The position of the patient is adjusted to visualize specific regions of the bowel
3. You should be able to relate the images to the surface anatomy of the patient and appreciate the changes in the position of the patient to achieve the various views.

SLIDE 2
Barium Study
- This is a double contrast BE (barium enema). For this test we put a small amount of contrast in the colon to coat the surface and then distend the colon with air.

SLIDE 3
Question: What is the main reason we perform a double contrast barium enema?
- to look for colon cancer
Question: This is an oblique view. The patient is lying on his left side. Do you see all of the contrast on the dependent side of the colon?
Qustion: What do you have to do to make sure that there is no polyps or cancers hiding in the dense contrast?
- flip the patient on to his right side

SLIDE 4
Question: Can you find the splenic and hepatic flexures on this image?
- hepatic flexure
- splenic flexure
Question: You could see how a lesion would be difficult to see in one of these flexures due to overlap of the colon. How could we clear this up?
- If we did more films with some obliquity we could eliminate this overlap

SLIDE 5
This is a single contrast barium enema (no air only contrast). Can you see the narrowing in the transverse colon?

Question: Do you know what this is?
- This is an adenocarcinoma. This is what is classically described as an apple core lesion.
Question: [...]

SLIDE 5
SUMMARY
1. In double contrast studies the patient often lies on one side and then the other to obtain films revealing the right and left walls of the large bowel.
2. Oblique views may be required to visualize the splenic and hepatic flexures

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Angiograms of the Abdomen

Filed under: Abdominal Aorta, Aorta Angiogram, Celiac Trunk, Inferior Mesenteric Artery, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Umbilical Plane — Tags: Angiograms of the Abdomen — admin @ 5:12 am

Angiograms of the Abdomen

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/abdominal_angiogram_content.php

SLIDE 1
Angiograms of the abdomen
- is a composite of angiograms taken from different patients.
- The position of the transumbilical plane is approximated by the red line.
- The three images on the right are standard x-ray films with reverse contrast (a positive was made from the x-ray negative)
- The image on the left was reconstructed from a CT study
- The individual images with labels can be viewed on the following pages

- celiac trunk
- superior mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
- abdominal aorta with branches of the celiac trunk deleted

SLIDE 2
SUMMARY
1. The celiac and SMA originate close to each other, which the IMA originated more distally close to the transumbilical plane
2. Note the gross differences in the distribution of the vessels
3. The celiac branches are superior and on both sides of the midline
4. The SMA branches are widely distributed, through heavily in the upper left quadrant
5. The IMA branches are entirely on the left
6. In your further studies you should be able to identify what organs the major branches are supplying and where the vessels are located (i.e. in mesenteries or retroperitoneal)

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Diverticulitis on CT scan

Filed under: Colon CT Scan, Diverticulitis, Mesenteries Mesentery, Sigmoid Colon, Stranding — Tags: Diverticulitis on CT scan — admin @ 4:55 am

Diverticulitis on CT scan

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/diverticulitis_content.php

SLIDE 1
Goals
To examine how diverticulitis affects the:
1. Wall of the colon
2. Lumen of the colon
3. Fat in the mesentery of the colon

SLIDE
Normal and diseases sigmoid colon are shown for comparison. The sigmoid colon is filled with contrast.
Compare:
- In the sigmoid colon: width of the colon, width of the lumen
- In the neighboring fat: stranding due to inflammatory response, normal fat

SLIDE 2
SUMMARY
1. Inflammation causes a thickening of the colon wall that narrows the lumen
2. Stranding is the radiographic appearance of an inflammatory response by the fat in the mesentery

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Renal Cell Carcinoma CT Scan

Filed under: Abdominal Aorta, Kidney Anatomy, Pancreas CT Scan, Renal Arteries, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Ribs, Subcostal Plane, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Transpyloric Plane, Umbilical Plane, Ureters — Tags: Renal Cell Carcinoma CT Scan — admin @ 3:55 am

Renal Cell Carcinoma CT Scan

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/renal_ca_content.php

SLIDE 1
Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Why does the right kidney look like a donut with bright stuff in the donut hole?
– the kidney treats venous contrast like a waste product and concentrates it in the urine

- Why is the tumor in the left kidney duller than the rest of the donut?
– the tumor is hypovascular in relation to the renal parenchyma

- Is this section closer to the transpyrolic, subcostal, or umbilical plane? Why?

– the transpyloric: the superior mesenteric artery branches off the aorta; the pancreas is present; ribs are present; renal arteries (subcostal plane) ureters (which whould be bright with contrast, are absent)

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Cholangiogram

Filed under: 12th Rib, Ampulla, Cholangiogram, Common Bile Duct, Duodenum Anatomy, Gallbladder Anatomy, Hepatoduodenal Ligament, L1 Vertebra, L2 Vertebra, L3 Vertebra, Liver Anatomy, Pancreas Anatomy, Pancreatic Duct, Transpyloric Plane — Tags: Cholangiogram — admin @ 3:38 am

Cholangiogram

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/cholangiogram_content.php

SLIDE 1
Goals:
1. Relate the hepatoduodenal ligament and second portion of the duodenum to bony landmarks
2. Relate the pancreas to bony landmarks and the duodenum

SLIDE 2
- The gallbladder was removed
- To examine the integrity of the biliary system during surgery, a catheter was inserted in the ampulla of the duodenum.
Question 1. Besides the biliary tree, what other structure should be filed with contrast dye?
- the pancreatic duct, because it empties into the ampulla along with the bile duct.

SLIDE 3
Identify the following landmarks
- 12th rib
- L1 vertebrae
- L2 vertebrae
- catheter
- common bile duct and gallbladder
- pancreatic duct
- hepatoduodenal ligament
- 3rd portion of the duodenum (filled with contrast)
- infer the 2nd portion of the duodenum

SLIDE 4
SUMMARY
- The pancreatic and common bile ducts empty into the middle of the 2nd portion of the duodenum
- This portion of the duodenum is to the right of midline between L1 and L3; the 3rd portion crosses the midline at L3
- The body of the pancreas crosses the midline at L2
- The hepatoduodenal ligament begins near the midline near the L1/L2 disc (transpyloric plane) and angles towards the liver

——————

ADDITIONAL ARTICLES

ALL STUDENTS

Inspirational quotes for premedical students, medical students, and residents

Premedical students

How to determine the significance of your Science GPA .

Before you apply to the UCSF School of Medicine, there are a few things you should know

Related links: Kaplan MCAT

Medical Students

When the experience of medical school becomes too painful, you just have to stop and laugh at it all

How to choose 4th year electives before residency .

Match Day: A collection of videos of medical students on Match Day .

Surviving the scramble for a residency position: A guide for medical students .

Medical school graduation ceremonies and speeches: The captured moments .

UCSF SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Before you apply to the UCSF School of Medicine, there are a few things you should know .

How to study for the Brain Mind and Behavior Block (Neurology and Psychiatry) at UCSF .

USMLE EXAMS

Multiple choice questions for medical students preparing for USMLE Step 1 .

How to maintain patient safety, get help, and load the boat during internship and residency .

Related links: Kaplan USMLE Programs

How to manage depression in internship and residency .

How to stay up 30 hours or go without sleep for long periods during your internship and residency .

General Surgery Residency

Why general surgery residents quit their training and how to prevent this from happening to you .

Related books: The ABSITE Review

Personality Types

How to succeed in medical school if you are an ENFJ personality type medical student .

IF YOU FOUND THESE ARTICLES HELPFUL, PLEASE SUBSCRIBE!

Comments (0)

March 26, 2010

Abdominal CT of Cholangiocarcinoma

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/abdomen_ct_2_content.php

TOPICS

SLIDE 1
Questions
10a. What is the contrast containing structure posterior to the liver?
- IVC
10b. What are the contrast containing structures dumping into the IVC?
- The right, middle and left hepatic veins
11. What anatomically divides the liver into lobes (right and left) and segments?
- The hepatic veins. Middle hepatic vein divides the right and left lobes. Right hepatic splits the right lobe into anterior and posterior segments. The left hepatic lobe divides the left lobe into medial and lateral segments.
12. What lobe of the liver is marked with the arrows?
- the caudate lobe
13. Can you identify the bright structure surrounded by the black arrows?
- this is the left portal vein
14. Can you identify the bright structure marked by the black arrows?
- this is the right portal vein
15a. Can you identify the low attenuating structure marked by black arrows?
- this is the common hepatic duct
15b. What branch of the aorta is marked by the black arrow?
- this is the celiac trunk
15c. What are the branches of the celiac trunk?
- common hepatic, splenic and left gastric
17. What is this fluid and air filled structure between the liver and spleen?
- this is the stomach
17b. What portion of the colon do you see anterior to the spleen and next to the stomach?
- this is the splenic flexure
17c. what part of the pancreas is this?
- this is the body
17d. what part of the pancreas is this?
- this is the tail and usually extends further over toward the spleen
18a. What is the low attenuation structure (black arrows) adjacent to the pancreas (white arrows)?
- common bile duct
18b. What are the metallic structures anterior to the common bile duct?
Hint: does this patient have a gallbladder?
- these are clips from a cholecystectomy
18c. What is this vein just behind the pancreas?
- splenic vein (the left most arrow is the portal vein)
18d. What venous structure does this join to make up the portal vein?
- the splenic vein joins the superior mesenteric vein to make up the portal vein
19. What is the structure anterior and near the superior aspects of the left kidney?
- the left adrenal gland
20. Do you see the SMV in this image? Try tracing it from the junction of the splenic and portal veins. Trace the vein superiorly, where the splenic vein comes to join it from the portal vein.
21a. What part of the pancreas are these arrows defining?
Hint: it is the most inferior portion of the pancreas
- this is the pancreatic head
21b. What is this small pointed area medial to the head of the pancreas?
Hint: it is the most inferior portion of the pancreas
- this is the uncinate process
21c. What is this high attenuating structure (artery) just anterior to the uncinate process?
- the superior mesenteric artery
22a. What is this low attenuating structure in the pancreatic head?
- this is the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct.
22b. What is this tiny low attenuating structure in the pancreas?
- this is the pancreatic duct
23a. What are these 2 vascular structures?
- IVC (white arrow)
- Aorta (black arrow)
23b. Why is the aorta filled with contrast and the IVC is not?
Hint: Do we give our injections in the artery or vein? And do we inject in the upper or lower extremity?
- We inject intravenously in the upper extremity (arm), so the blood goes to the SVC to heart to arterial system then to lower extremity venous system
24. Do you see this patient’s tumor?
Hint: it is very subtle, it is right where the CBD enters the duodenum at the ampulla.
- If you picked up that tumor, you have a promising career in radiology!
25. What part of the colon is this?
Hint: it is anterior on a long mesentery
- this is the transverse colon

SUMMARY
- The exercise emphasizes important anatomy that should be traced superiorly and inferiorly to appreciate the three-dimensional structure

- The tumor is difficult to see in many images. Rather than focussing on pathology in the image you should be able to explain in simple terms how this tumor contributed to the patient’s jaundice.

Comments (0)

Abdominal CT scan

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/abdomen_ct_content.php

TOPICS
SLIDE 1
Goals
1. To understand vascular anatomy of the liver and how the vessels define the segmental anatomy of the liver
2. To review and understand the developmental anatomy and fetal circulation of the liver and what remnants are still present in the adult liver
3. To review colonic and small bowel anatomy and be able to predict where you may visualize different segments of bowel and axial CT
4. To understand the anatomy, relationships and orientation of the pancreas
5. To review and understand the relationships of major arterial and venous structures in the abdomen and pelvis and how they can be seen on axial CT

SLIDE 2
Questions
2. What is this high attenuation structure in the liver?
- this is the left portal vein.
1a. Do the portal veins divide the liver into segments?
- No. the hepatic veins do.
4a. What is this black line that runs through the liver?
- this is the fissure for the ligamentum teres
4b. What structure ran through this region?
- the umbilical vein
4c. What is this fissure anterior to the caudate lobe?
- this is the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
5a. what part of the colon is this?
- this is the distal transverse extending to the splenic flexure
5b. Why does the colon look white?
- the patient was given oral contrast
6. what portion of the pancreas is this?
- this is the tail
9. what portion of the colon is this?
- hepatic flexure
10. what is this venous structure extending from the left kidney to the IVC?
- this is the left renal vein
13. what portion of the colon is labeled by each arrow?
- ascending colon (black)
- descending colon (white)
14. What vessel is coming off the aorta?
- hint: it is colonic supply and below the level of the SMA
- inferior mesenteric artery
15. Look at the small bowel without contrast (white arrows) and the colon with contrast (black arrows) and note that the bowel wall is extremely thin. Normally it is approximately 3mm.
18. What is this small tubular structure partially filled with contrast on this and the subsequent image.
19. This is the appendix. Note this is normal; thin walled, filled with contrast and no inflammatory changes in the adjacent fat.
23. What portion of the colon is labeled with arrows?
- sigmoid colon
24. What vascular structures are marked by the arrows?
- the external iliac arteries and veins
26a. What is this fluid filled structure?
- the bladder
26b. What portion of bowel is this located posterior to the bladder and anterior to the sacrum?
- the rectum
26c. What is the significance of the space between the bladder and the sacrum?
- this is the most dependent portion of the peritoneal cavity in a male.

SLIDE 3
SUMMARY
- You will need to be able to navigate your way through CT and MRI images of the abdomen. This exercise focuses on important structures and represents an appropriate level of detail.
- You should become skilled at tracing structures superiorly and inferiorly to appreciate their relations in three dimensions.

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Abdomen and pelvis X-ray part 2

Filed under: Acetabulum, Femur, KUB, Obturator Foramen, Pelvis Anatomy, Sacroiliac Joint — Tags: Abdomen and pelvis X-ray part 2 — admin @ 6:15 pm

Abdomen and pelvis X-ray part 2

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/plain_pelvis_2_content.php

TOPICS
SLIDE 1
Goals
- Be able to identify the major bony landmarks on a plain film of the pelvis

SLIDE 2
- T12 (it’s the inferior-most vertebra with a rib)
- L4 (Draw a line across the iliac cress, or count down from T12)
- Umbilicus (roughly at the L3/L4 junction)
- Pubic symphysis (first bony landmark superior to the genitalia)

SLIDE 3
- sacroiliac joint
- neck of the femur
- head of the femur
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
- acetabulum
- obturator foramen
- head of femur & acetabulum
- pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)
- ischial tuberocities

SLIDE 4
SUMMARY
- You should be familiar with the bony landmarks and start to become aware of the major soft structures that lie close to them

[add to categories]

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CT reconstruction of the kidneys and renal arteries and 3-D reconstruction of kidneys and SMA vasculature

Filed under: 12th Rib, Abdominal Aorta, Aorta, CT Reconstruction and 3-D reconstruction, Inferior Mesenteric Artery, Inferior Vena Cava, Kidney Anatomy, Lumbar Segmental Arteries, Renal Arteries, Renal Vein, Subcostal Plane, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Transpyloric Plane, Ureters — Tags: CT reconstruction of the kidneys and renal arteries and 3-D reconstruction of kidneys and SMA vasculature — admin @ 1:41 pm

CT reconstruction of the kidneys and renal arteries and 3-D reconstruction of kidneys and SMA vasculature

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/CT_kidney_content.php

TOPICS

SLIDE 1
Goals
1. Be able to identify the renal vessels, aorta and ureters as these structures are rotated in 3-D
2. Be able to explain the relative position of important nearby structures that are not shown such as the 12th rib and IVC

SLIDE 2
- CT reconstruction of the kidneys and renal arteries
- Rib 12 is colored blue, the abdominal aorta is pink and the renal arteries are red
- Transpyloric plane
- Subcostal plane

SLIDE 3
[...]

SLIDE 4
3-D reconstruction of kidneys and SMA vasculature
- aorta
- left renal artery
- left renal vein
- right renal artery
- left ureter
(and questions)
- right ureter
- SMA (superior mesenteric artery)
- IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)

SLIDE 5
- lumbar segmental arteries
(question)

SUMMARY
1. The renal vessels are at the subcostal plane
2. The left renal artery is posterior to the left renal vein
3. The kidneys are posterior to the aorta and IVC, so the vessels course posteriorly from the midline to reach their targets

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Abdomen and pelvis x-ray

Filed under: Cushings Syndrome, Genitalia, Iliac Crest, L3 Vertebra, L4 Vertebra, Pubic Symphysis, T12 Vertebra, Umbilicus — Tags: Abdomen and pelvis x-ray — admin @ 1:02 pm

Abdomen and pelvis x-ray

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/plain_pelvis_content.php

TOPICS

SLIDE 1
Goal
- Relate palpable landmarks of the abdomen to skeletal landmarks that can be observed on a plain film

SLIDE 2
-T12 (It’s the inferior-most vertebra with a rib)
- L4 (draw a line across the iliac crests, or count down from T12)
- umbilicus (at the L3/L4 junction)
- pubic symphysis (first bony landmark superior to the genitalia)

[transfer complete]

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Abdominal Landmarks

Filed under: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ASIS, Gallbladder Anatomy, Iliac Crest, Inguinal Ligament, Kidney, Liver Anatomy, Midclavicular Line, Spleen Anatomy, Subcostal Plane, Transpyloric Plane, Umbilical Plane — Tags: Abdominal Landmarks — admin @ 10:35 am

Abdominal Landmarks

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/abdominal_landmarks.htm

Yale school of medicine

Goals
- Relate internal structures of the abdomen to key planes and lines
- Relate internal structures of the abdomen to the skeleton
- Integrate this figure with plain x-ray films of the abdomen (“Abdomen and pelvis x-ray”) and the body painting exercise.

Topics below
- midclavicular line
- liver
- gallbladder
- spleen
- transpyloric plane
- subcostal plane
- kidney
- iliac crest / umbilical plane
- inguinal ligament / anterior superior iliac spine

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3-D CT Reconstruction of the heart, aorta, and pulmonary arteries

Filed under: Aorta, Chest CT scan, Heart Anatomy, Pulmonary Artery, Thoracic Aorta — admin @ 10:09 am

3-D CT Reconstruction of the heart, aorta, and pulmonary arteries

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/heart_vess_3d_content.php

SLIDE 1
CT reconstruction: 3-D heart, aorta, and pulmonary arteries
- The following movie was reconstructed from a CT study of the heart and great vessels.

SLIDE 2
- [...]
- lots of questions

SLIDE 3 – ?
- many questions

SUMMARY
1. You should be able to explain the spatial relationships of the major vessels and the chambers of the heart
2. You should be able to explain the course of the arch of the aorta and the spatial relationships of the vessels that branch from it

[need to copy information]
[add to categories]

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Widening of the Superior Mediastinum on Chest X-ray

Filed under: Mediastinum, chest x-ray — admin @ 8:37 am

Widening of the Superior Mediastinum on Chest X-ray

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/mediastinum_1_content.php

Yale school of medicine

SLIDE 1
- aorta
- mediastinum
[...]

[add to categories]

Comments (0)

Pulmonary arteries and veins

Filed under: Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Trunk, Pulmonary Veins, chest x-ray — admin @ 6:06 am

Pulmonary arteries and veins

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/pulmonary_arteries_content.php

TOPICS
GOALS
1. To understand the spacial relationships of structures that enter and exit the hilum of the lung
2. To relate structures of the hilum of the sternal angle of Louis and other bony landmarks
3. To relate structures of the hilum to the chambers of the heart and the aorta
4. To trace flow of blood in the pulmonary circulation
5. To relate the lungs to the clavicle and diaphragm

SLIDE 1
- Left pulmonary artery: AP view

Section 1
- Locate regions of the cathether
- inferior vena cava (IVC)
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk
- Relate the tip of the catheter to the:
- clavicle
- second rib
- sternal angle of louis
[...]
- pulmonary valve
Section 2
[...]
- bifurcation of the trachea
- clavicle (inferred from the first image)
- dome of the diaphragm
Section 3
- [...]
Section 4
- [...]
Section 5
- [...]
- Relate the angle of louis (catheter tip) to:
- pulmonary artery (contains catheter tip)
- arch of aorta
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium

SLIDE 2
- [...]
- Locate regions of the catheter
- inferior vena cava
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk

SLIDE 3
- Right pulmonary artery: AP view

Section 1
- Locate regions of the catheter
- inferior vena cava (IVC)
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk
- right pulmonary trunk
- right pulmonary artery

- Relate the tip of the catheter to the:
- clavicle
- second rib
- sternal angle of louis
- bifurcation of the trachea
[...]
- aortic valve

Section 2
[...]
- bifurcation of the trachea
- clavicle
- dome of the diaphragm

Section 3
- [...]

Section 4
- [...]
- Relate the angle of louis (catheter tip) to:
- pulmonary artery (contains catheter tip)
- arch of aorta
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium

SLIDE 4
- Right pulmonary artery: right
- [...]

Section 1
- Locate regions of the catheter:
- inferior vena cava (IVC)
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- pulmonary trunk
- right pulmonary artery

Section 2-5
- [...]
- Relate the angle of louis (catheter tip) to:
- pulmonary artery (contains catheter tip)
- arch of aorta
- left atrium
- ascending aorta
- descending aorta

SUMMARY
1. The pulmonary arteries and mainstem bronchi are located superiorly in the hilum; the pulmonary veins are inferior, to enter the left atrium of the heart
2. The pulmonary arteries and mainstem bronchi are in the plane of the sternal angle of Louis inferior to the arch of the aorta (which in turn is inferior to the clavicular heads).

The pulmonary veins and left atrium are closer to the 3rd costocartilage eand intercostal space.

3. The pulmonary veins enter the posterior-most chamber of the heart (left atrium); the right pulmonary artery travels just inferior to the arch of the aorta (and anterior to the right mainstem bronchus)

4. The path of the catheter marked the flow of blood through the right side of the heart to the pulmonary trunk. Deoxygenated blood traveled via the pulmonary arteries to the lungs; oxygenated blood returned via the veins to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle and aorta

5. The lungs extend superior to the clavicle and inferior to the dome of the diaphragm

[add to categories]

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March 25, 2010

CT Slice Through the Arch of the Aorta

Filed under: Aorta, Heart Anatomy, Liver Anatomy, Liver CT scan, Lung Anatomy, Manubrium, Sternal Angle, Stomach Anatomy, Stomach CT Scan — Tags: CT Slice Through the Arch of the Aorta — admin @ 2:25 pm

CT Slice Through the Arch of the Aorta

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/CT_aorta_content.php

TERMS
- right lung
- left lung
- heart chambers
- liver
- air in the stomach
- arch of aorta
- manubrium
- sternal angle (angle of louis)

SUMMARY

1. The aorta moves from right to left as it arches from anterior to posterior, so the plane of the imaging must be oblique to capture the entirety of the arch

2. The arch of the aorta is at the same level as the angle of Louis

3. The major vessels from the arch arise posterior o the manubrium

Comments (0)

Chest X-ray surface anatomy PA film

Filed under: 2nd Rib, 5th Intercostal Space, Aorta, Clavicle, Diaphragm, Heart Anatomy, Jugular Notch, Mediastinum, Sternal Angle, Xiphisternal Junction, chest x-ray — Tags: chest x-ray, Chest X-ray surface anatomy PA film — admin @ 2:15 pm

Chest X-ray surface anatomy PA film

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/chest_xray_surface_anat_content.php

Yale school of medicine

CONTENTS

SLIDE 1
- jugular notch (follow the clavicles to the midline)
- sternal angle (angle of louis) (follow 2nd rib to the midline)
- xiphisternal junction (middle of a line that connects the 5th intercostal spaces at the midclavicular line)

SLIDE 2
- right done of diaphragm (the right dome is normally higher because of the liver)
- left dome of diaphragm
- mediastinum
- right border of heart (right atrium)
- left border of heart (left ventricle)
- ascending aorta
- arch of aorta
- descending aorta

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Heart Anatomy

Filed under: Coronary Arteries Anatomy, Heart Anatomy, Heart Valves, Pulmonary Trunk — Tags: Heart Anatomy — admin @ 1:21 pm

Heart Anatomy

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/unrestricted/atrioventricular_septum_content.php

TERMS
- heart valves
- coronary arteries
- pulmonary trunk
- aorta
- apex of heart
- right coronary artery in AV groove
- left coronary artery in AV groove
- coronary sinus in AV groove
- aortic arch
- right atrium
- left atrium
- right ventricle
- left ventricle

SUMMARY
- the major vessels are located in the A-V and interventricular grooves
- the heart is “twisted” in place so that the right ventricle is more anterior and the left ventricle is more posterior. The left atrium forms most of the base or posterior surface of the heart
- all of the valves lie close to each other in the plane of the atrioventricular septum

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Lung dissection pneumonectomy

Filed under: Hilum, Lung Anatomy, Mediastinum, Pericardial Sac, Phrenic Nerve, Pulmonary Artery — Tags: Lung dissection pneumonectomy — admin @ 1:01 pm

Lung dissection

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/pneumonectomy_content.php

Terms
- left pulmonary artery
- mediastinum
- lung anatomy
- phrenic nerve is anterior to the hilum

Comments (0)

Position of needle for simulating the placement of a central line

Filed under: Brachial Plexus, Central Line Placement, Clavicle, Costal Cartilages, Scalene Muscles, Subclavian Vein — Tags: Position of needle for simulating the placement of a central line — admin @ 11:01 am

Position of needle for simulating the placement of a central line

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/central_line_content.php

Yale school of medicine

Landmarks for central line placement

===============================

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/central_line_2_content.php

Anatomy involved in the subclavian line placement

- skin reflected superiorly
- unreflected clavicle
- clavicle reflected superiorly
- costal cartilage one
- subclavian vein
- anterior scalene muscle
- brachial plexus
==============================

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Heart Valves In Situ

Filed under: Aortic Valve, Heart Valves, Jugular Notch, Mitral Valve, Pericardial Sac, Pulmonic Valve, Sternal Angle, Sternum, T2 Vertebra, T5 Vertebra, Tricuspid Valve, Xiphisternal Junction, Xiphoid Process, chest x-ray — admin @ 10:01 am

Heart Valves In Situ

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/heart_valves_insitu.htm

TERMS MENTIONED
- chest x-ray
- heart valves
- sternum
- sternal notch / jugular notch, T2 vertebra
- sternal angle / angle of louis , T5 vertebra
- pulmonic valve
- aortic valve
- mitral valve (bicupid valve)
- xiphisternal junction , T10 vertebra
- xiphoid process
- pericardial sac

- tricuspid valve

Comments (0)

Chest X-ray surface landmarks

Filed under: 1st Rib, 2nd Rib, 3rd Intercostal Space, 5th Intercostal Space, Clavicle, Great Vessels, Heart Anatomy, Jugular Notch, L1 Vertebra, Manubrium, Mediastinum, Renal Arteries, Sternal Angle, Sternum, Subcostal Plane, T10 Vertebra, T3 Vertebra, T5 Vertebra, T9 vertebra, Transpyloric Plane, Xiphisternal Junction, chest x-ray — Tags: Chest X-ray surface landmarks — admin @ 7:35 am

Chest X-ray surface landmarks

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/radiology/surface_landmarks_content.php

Yale school of medicine

Topics covered
SLIDE 1
- introduction
- chest x-ray
- sternum
- mediastinum
- heart
SLIDE 2
- directions
SLIDE 3
- sternal notch (jugular notch); T3 vertebral level
- 1st rib
- 2nd rib
- sternal angle (angle of louis); T5 vertebral level
- sternum and 3rd intercostal space; great vessels enter and leave the heart
- xiphisternal junction ; T9 vertebral/T10 vertebral level
- 5th intercostal space (region of apex of heart)
- transpyloric plane (L1 vertebral level)
- subcostal plane (renal arteries)

Summary
- The two most important ribs are ribs 1 and 2.
- On palpation, you can palpate the sternal angle of louis to locate rib 2 and count ribs to locate other structures

- on x-ray, you can locate rib 1 articulating with the manubrium right next to the clavicle, and count ribs to locate other structures

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Comments (0)

McBurney Incision anatomy and dissection

Filed under: External Oblique Muscle, Internal Oblique Muscle, McBurneys Point, Parietal Peritoneum, Scarpas Fascia, Skin, Transversus Abdominus — Tags: McBurney Incision anatomy and dissection — admin @ 5:30 am

McBurney Incision anatomy and dissection

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/mcburney_content.php

Yale school of medicine

Topics covered

SLIDE 1
- introduction
- McBurney (McBurney’s)
SLIDE 2
- skin
- scarpa’s fascia
- external oblique muscle
SLIDE 3
- external oblique muscle
- internal oblique muscle
SLIDE 4
- external oblique muscle
- internal oblique muscle
- internal oblique muscles are perpendicular to the external fibers
- transversus abdominus muscle
- peritoneum
SLIDE 5
- McBurney’s point lies two third of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine

Comments (0)

Lateral thoracotomy anatomy and dissection

Filed under: External Oblique Muscle, Intercostal Muscles, Intercostal Nerves, Intercostal Vessels, Latissimus Dorsi, Ribs, Serratus — Tags: Lateral thoracotomy anatomy and dissection — admin @ 5:12 am

Lateral thoracotomy anatomy and dissection

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/lateral_thoracotomy_content.php

Yale school of medicine

TOPICS COVERED
SLIDE 1
- introduction
- thoracic cavity
SLIDE 2
- serratus anterior
- rib
- latissimus dorsi
- external oblique muscle
SLIDE 3
- serratus anterior
- latissimus dorsi
- neurovascular bundle
- internal intercostal muscles
- external intercostal muscles
- rib

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When the experience of medical school becomes too painful, you just have to stop and laugh at it all

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IF YOU FOUND THESE ARTICLES HELPFUL, PLEASE SUBSCRIBE!

Comments (0)

Chamberlain procedure dissection of the mediastinum

Filed under: Costal Cartilages, Intercostal Muscles, Internal Mammary Vessels, Jugular Notch, Mediastinum, Ribs, Sternal Angle, Sternum — Tags: Chamberlain procedure dissection of the mediastinum — admin @ 4:49 am

Chamberlain procedure dissection of the mediastinum

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/chamberlain_content.php

Yale school of medicine

TOPICS COVERED

SLIDE 1
- Introduction
- mediastinum, sternum, costal cartilage, ribs, thoracic cavity
SLIDE 2
- jugular notch
- sternal angle of louis
SLIDE 3
- Summary
- internal mammary vessels, intercostal muscles

Comments (0)

Chevron Incision Anatomy for Dissection

Filed under: Falciform Ligament, Ligamentum Teres, Parietal Peritoneum, Rectus Abdominis, Rectus Sheath, Superior Epigastric Vessels, Xiphoid Process — Tags: Chevron Incision Anatomy for Dissection — admin @ 4:00 am

Chevron Incision Anatomy for Dissection

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/chevron_content.php

Yale school of medicine

SLIDE 1 – Introduction
SLIDE 2
- anterior rectus sheath
- cut end of rectus abdominus
- posterior rectus sheath
- superior epigastric vessel
- xiphoid
SLIDE 3
- anterior rectus sheath
- cut end of rectus abdominus
- posterior rectus sheath
- finger under peritoneum
SLIDE 4
- Xiphoid process
- falciform ligament
- ligament teres
- right rectus
- superior epigastric vessels

Comments (0)

Surface anatomy of the chest and abdomen

Filed under: Surface Anatomy — Tags: surface natomy of the chest and abdomen — admin @ 3:41 am

Surface anatomy of the chest and abdomen

http://info.med.yale.edu/surgery/anatomy/graphics/body_paint_intro_content.html

Terms included in the module:
SLIDE 1
- sternal notch
- sternal angle of louis
- midclavicular line
- phrenic diaphragm
- costal margin
- xiphoid process
- transpyloric plane
- subcostal plane
- plane of iliac crests
- plane of anterior iliac spine
- inguinal ligament
- iliac crest

SLIDE 2
- liver
- anterior projection of spleen tip
- abdominal aorta
- renal arteries
- common iliac arteries
- femoral arteries

SLIDE 3
- hyioid
- Bifurcation of carotids
- auscultation points for carotid bruits
- trachea
- thyroid

SLIDE 4
- ascending aorta and arch
- branching of trachea into primary and secondary bronchi
- outline of heart

SLIDE 5
- pulmonary trunk and branches
- auscultation points for indicated heart valve

SLIDE 6
- pleural cavity

SLIDE 7
- lungs in shallow inspiration

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When the experience of medical school becomes too painful, you just have to stop and laugh at it all

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Comments (0)

March 17, 2010

Abdominal cross section anatomy at L5

Filed under: Colon Anatomy, Colon CT Scan, Common Iliac Arteries, Erector Spinae Muscle, External Oblique Muscle, Iliac Crest, Iliacus Muscle, Internal Oblique Muscle, Psoas Major, Rectus Abdominis, Small Intestine Anatomy, Small Intestine CT Scan, Transversus Abdominus, Umbilicus, Ureters — Tags: Abdominal cross section anatomy at L5 — admin @ 1:38 pm

Abdominal cross section anatomy at L5

Terms:

Left term: umbilical impression, ileum, rectus abdominis muscle, ileocecal junction, cecum, internal oblique muscle, external oblique muscle, psoas major muscle, iliacus muscle, body of L5 vertebra, lumbar cistern of subarachnoid space

Right term: common iliac arteries, ureter, ileum, descending colon, transversus abdominis muscle, lumbar plexus (ventral rami of L2-L4 becoming femoral and obturator nerves and L4 part of lumbosacral trunk), iliac crest, erector spinae muscle

Source:
Netter Anatomy

Comments (0)

Abdominal cross section anatomy at L2

Filed under: Abdominal Aorta, Colon Anatomy, Colon CT Scan, Diaphragm, Duodenum, Greater Omentum, Inferior Vena Cava, L1 Vertebra, L2 Vertebra, Liver Anatomy, Liver CT scan, Pancreas Anatomy, Psoas Major, Renal Vein, Superior Mesenteric Artery, Superior Mesenteric Vein — admin @ 12:04 pm

Abdominal cross section anatomy at L2

Terms:

Left side: greater omentum, pancreas with uncinate process, transverse colon, junction of 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum, ascending colon, liver, right renal vein (entering inferior vena cava), right kidney, inferior vena cava, right crus of diaphragm, psoas major muscle, L1-L2 intervertebral disc

Right side: superior mesenteric vein, superior mesenteric artery, transverse colon, ileum, jejunum, perirenal fat, ureteropelvic junction, descending colon, renal fascia, left kidney, minor calyx and renal pelvis, pararenal fat, left renal artery, left renal vein (entering inferior vena cava), left crus of diaphragm, abdominal aorta

Source:
Netter Anatomy

Comments (0)

Protected: Abdominal cross section anatomy at L1

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Abdominal cross section anatomy at T12

Terms:

Left side: pyloric canal, pylorus, right colic (hepatic) flexure of colon, gallbladder, superior (1st) part of duodenum, hepatoduodenal ligament, portal triad (common bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein), inferior vena cava, right suprarenal gland, right crus of diaphragm, pancreas

Right side: stomach, jejunum, transverse colon (acsending to left colic flexure), bifurcation of celiac trunk, descending colon (descending from left colic flexure), spleen, splenic artery and vein, left suprarenal gland, superior pole of left kidney, left crus of diaphragm, thoracic aorta, pancreas

Source:
Netter Anatomy

Comments (0)

March 16, 2010

Protected: Abdominal cross section anatomy at T10

Filed under: Azygos Vein, Costal Cartilages, Diaphragm, Erector Spinae Muscle, Inferior Vena Cava, Latissimus Dorsi, Liver Anatomy, Lung Anatomy, Rectus Abdominis, Serratus, Spleen Anatomy, Stomach Anatomy, T10 Vertebra, Thoracic Aorta, Thoracic Duct, Xiphoid Process — Tags: Abdominal cross section anatomy at T10 — admin @ 12:17 pm

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CT Abdomen and Pelvis

Filed under: Abdominal Aorta, Abdominal CT scan, Colon CT Scan, Common Iliac Arteries, Inferior Vena Cava, Kidney, Linea Alba, Liver CT scan, Pelvis CT scan, Psoas Major, Rectus Abdominis, Small Intestine CT Scan, Spleen CT Scan, Stomach CT Scan — Tags: CT scan abdomen and pelvis — admin @ 6:38 am

CT abdomen and pelvis

Terms listed:
Image A, superior to Image D, inferior.

Image A: left lobe of liver, inferior vena cava, stomach, aorta, right lobe of liver, rib, body of vertebra, spleen

Image B: stomach, inferior vena cava, aorta, right lobe of liver, right kidney, body of vertebra, left kidney, spleen

Image C: rectus abdominis muscle, transverse colon, ascending colon, inferior vena cava, aorta, descending colon, right lobe of liver, right kidney, body of vertebra, deep back muscles

Image D: Linea alba, ileum, ascending colon, right common iliac artery, left common iliac artery, descending colon, psoas muscle, body of vertebra, deep back muscles

Source
Netter Anatomy

Comments (0)

March 15, 2010

L4 abdominal cross section

L4 abdominal cross section anatomy

Terms:
Left side:
Round ligament (ligamentum teres) of liver, transverse colon, branches of inferior epigastric vesselss, rectus sheath, transversus abdomini aponeurosis, external oblique aponeurosis, mesentery of small intestine, superior mesenteric vessels, small intestine (ileum), lymph node, ascending colon, right paracolic gutter, tendon of origin of transversus abdomini muscle, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, layers of thoracolumbar fascia (combined, middle, posterior), right colic vessels and branches, right genitofemoral nerve, transverse process of L4 vertebra, inferior vena cava, anterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, abdominal aorta, spinous process of L3 vertebra, supraspinous ligament

Right side:
Linea alba, rectus abdominis muscle, omental appendices, greater omentum, parietal peritoneum, transversalis fascia, transversus abdominis muscle, internal oblique muscle, external oblique muscle, small intestine (jejunum), descending colon, left paracolic gutter, left ureter, quadratus lumborum muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, testicular (ovarian) vessels, psoas minor muscle, parietal peritoneum, psoas major muscle, inferior mesenteric and 1st sigmoid vessels, left sympathetic trunk, left lumbar plexus ventral rami of L2,L3 spinal nerves, erector spinae muscle, superior articular process of L4 vertebra, Intercostal disc between L3 and L4 vertebrae, intermesenteric (aortic) plexus

Source:
Netter Anatomy

HELPFUL ARTICLES BELOW

ALL STUDENTS

Inspirational quotes for premedical students, medical students, and residents

Premedical students

How to determine the significance of your Science GPA .

Before you apply to the UCSF School of Medicine, there are a few things you should know

Related links: Kaplan MCAT

Medical Students

When the experience of medical school becomes too painful, you just have to stop and laugh at it all

How to choose 4th year electives before residency .

Match Day: A collection of videos of medical students on Match Day .

Surviving the scramble for a residency position: A guide for medical students .

Medical school graduation ceremonies and speeches: The captured moments .

UCSF SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Before you apply to the UCSF School of Medicine, there are a few things you should know .

How to study for the Brain Mind and Behavior Block (Neurology and Psychiatry) at UCSF .

USMLE EXAMS

Multiple choice questions for medical students preparing for USMLE Step 1 .

How to maintain patient safety, get help, and load the boat during internship and residency .

Related links: Kaplan USMLE Programs

How to manage depression in internship and residency .

How to stay up 30 hours or go without sleep for long periods during your internship and residency .

General Surgery Residency